4. Transition away from fossil fuels in a just, orderly and equitable manner

Marine biofuels from biomass pyrolysis could cut CO₂ and sulfur emissions, create a $372M+ new industry for NZ, support export competitiveness, and align the country with global net-zero shipping policies.

In 2024, the IEA Bioenergy database lists 258 advanced biofuel plants. Output must rise from 4.3 EJ in 2022 to over 10 EJ by 2030, with 40% sourced from waste and residues.

Biofuels in Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, and Guatemala cut GHGs up to 84%, are economically viable, and illustrate how emerging economies can scale sustainable energy using local resources.

A study found that differing SAF rules in EU RED, US LCFS, and ICAO CORSIA—on GHG, audits, and feedstocks—limit traceability, raise fraud risks, and hinder global SAF scale-up.

SAF production reached 300–450M liters in 2022, led by the EU and USA. HEFA dominates, while Alcohol-to-Jet, Fischer-Tropsch, and other pathways are rapidly scaling.

The Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore manages a top port, handling 41M TEUs and 623M t of cargo in 2024, selling 55M t of fuel and licensing suppliers for biofuels.

Biofuels produced in these countries significantly reduce emissions, are energetically favorable, and have the potential to benefit producers through low-carbon biofuel certification schemes and carbon credit negotiations.

Thanks to innovative financing, ACEN in the Philippines closed its coal plant 25 years early, creating a model to mobilize support and enable similar clean energy projects in emerging markets.