Healthy, nutritious, sustainable and locally-appropriate diets

Why it matters

Over 3.1 billion people worldwide were unable to afford or access a healthy diet in 2021, a situation worsened by the COVID-19 pandemic, conflicts, climate change, and inflation. Poor diet quality is the leading driver of noncommunicable diseases and a major cause of premature death globally. Food systems need to provide adequate, nutritious food for all, particularly the most vulnerable populations, while avoiding overconsumption—especially of ultra-processed foods—to reduce burdens on healthcare systems and the environment. As noted by the IPCC, shifting to healthy and sustainable diets can help reduce ecosystem conversion and food systems emissions. Such dietary shifts will vary worldwide and should be equitable, respecting sociocultural differences and local contexts.